按合金(jin)元素含(han)量分类
a)低碳钢(gang):在此类(lei)钢(gang)中(zhong)部(bu)含(han)或(huo)很少含(han)有(you)其他合金元(yuan)素,其碳含(han)量一般不超(chao)过0.2%。
b)低合金(jin)耐(nai)(nai)热(re)钢:在(zai)此类(lei)钢中都含(han)有一(yi)种(zhong)或几种(zhong)合金(jin)元(yuan)素(su),但含(han)量不高,一(yi)般钢中所含(han)合金(jin)元(yuan)素(su)的总量不超过(guo)5%,碳含(han)量不超过(guo)0.2%.c)高合金(jin)耐(nai)(nai)热(re)钢:在(zai)此类(lei)钢中合金(jin)元(yuan)素(su)多,合金(jin)元(yuan)素(su)含(han)量一(yi)般在(zai)10%以(yi)(yi)上,乃至高达30%以(yi)(yi)上。
按钢的特性分类
a)抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)化钢(gang)(或称耐热不(bu)起皮钢(gang)):此类钢(gang)在高(gao)温下(一般在550~1200℃)具有(you)较好的(de)抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)化功能及抗(kang)(kang)高(gao)温腐蚀功能,并有(you)必定的(de)高(gao)温强度。用于制作各类加热炉(lu)用零件和热交换器,制作热汽(qi)轮(lun)机的(de)燃烧市、锅炉(lu)吊瓜、加热炉(lu)炉(lu)底(di)板(ban)和辊道以及炉(lu)管等。抗(kang)(kang)氧(yang)化功能是主要(yao)目(mu)标,部件本(ben)身不(bu)接受很(hen)大压(ya)力。
b)热强钢:在高温(通(tong)(tong)常在450~900℃)既能(neng)接受相(xiang)当的(de)(de)附加应(ying)力又要具有优异(yi)的(de)(de)抗氧化、抗高温气体腐蚀才能(neng),通(tong)(tong)常还要求接受周期(qi)性的(de)(de)可变应(ying)力。通(tong)(tong)常用(yong)作(zuo)汽轮机、燃(ran)气轮机的(de)(de)转子(zi)和(he)叶片,锅炉的(de)(de)过热器、高温下工作(zuo)的(de)(de)螺栓和(he)绷簧、内燃(ran)机的(de)(de)进排气阀、石油加氢(qing)反应(ying)器等。
按钢(gang)的主(zhu)要用(yong)途(tu)分类(lei)
工(gong)(gong)业(ye)炉(lu)(lu)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)耐(nai)热(re)(re)(re)(re)钢:除反(fan)应堆、电(dian)站锅炉(lu)(lu)、石化(hua)工(gong)(gong)业(ye)炉(lu)(lu)外,在冶金(jin)(jin)、机(ji)械、建材、轻工(gong)(gong)等工(gong)(gong)业(ye)中(zhong),广泛用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作热(re)(re)(re)(re)交(jiao)换器、加(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)炉(lu)(lu)管(guan)(guan)、反(fan)映(ying)罐等多(duo)种炉(lu)(lu)窑(yao)中(zhong)的各种耐(nai)热(re)(re)(re)(re)部件(jian),除选(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)板、管(guan)(guan)、棒等耐(nai)热(re)(re)(re)(re)钢变(bian)形材外,并选(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)很(hen)多(duo)的耐(nai)热(re)(re)(re)(re)钢铸件(jian)。冶金(jin)(jin)厂的各种退(tui)火炉(lu)(lu)罩,可(ke)控(kong)气氛接(jie)连加(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)炉(lu)(lu)的马弗(fu)罐、辐(fu)射管(guan)(guan)、装料框架、链带等,多(duo)选(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)310(0Cr25Ni20)或3Cr24Ni7SiNRe、2Cr25Ni13钢等。冶金(jin)(jin)厂接(jie)连式加(jia)热(re)(re)(re)(re)炉(lu)(lu)和热(re)(re)(re)(re)处理炉(lu)(lu)中(zhong)很(hen)多(duo)的炉(lu)(lu)底(di)辊和辐(fu)射管(guan)(guan)亦选(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)高合金(jin)(jin)耐(nai)热(re)(re)(re)(re)钢离心铸管(guan)(guan),常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的牌号有0Cr18Ni9、00Cr18Ni9、1Cr18Ni9Ti、0Cr17Ni12Mo2、00Cr17Ni12Mo2、3Cr24Ni7SiNRe、0Cr23Ni13、1Cr20Ni14、Cr25Ni20Si2、00Cr10Ni20Mo6Cu6、4Cr25Ni35NbW、70CrMoVBRe、4Cr28Ni48W5Si2、3Cr26Ni4MnMoRe等。在水泥(ni)工(gong)(gong)业(ye)中(zhong),湿法水泥(ni)窑(yao)预热(re)(re)(re)(re)带中(zhong)的耐(nai)热(re)(re)(re)(re)钢链条,大型水泥(ni)窑(yao)蓖冷机(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的篦子板,冷却(que)机(ji)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的物料斗等,均使用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)了很(hen)多(duo)的耐(nai)热(re)(re)(re)(re)钢件(jian),如(ru)3Cr24Ni7SiNRe、1Cr20Ni14、Cr25Ni20Si2等。