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离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)件是(shi)由纯(chun)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)一种(zhong)(zhong)或几种(zhong)(zhong)其他元(yuan)素制(zhi)成(cheng)的合(he)金(jin)(jin)。按材料成(cheng)形(xing)办法可分为铸(zhu)(zhu)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)和(he)锻(duan)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)。铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)能通过铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)、挤压(ya)、拉深和(he)拉拔等工艺(yi)进行加工。铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)用铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)和(he)锻(duan)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)可分为纯(chun)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、黄铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、青(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)白铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。大多数铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合(he)金(jin)(jin)不(bu)(bu)能进行压(ya)力加工，如铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)铍青(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)(zao)锡青(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。

离心(xin)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)件(jian)(jian)由铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)锌以外的(de)(de)元(yuan)素组(zu)成(cheng)的(de)(de)合金(jin)(jin)称为(wei)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。其中(zhong)，铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)锡(xi)合金(jin)(jin)是(shi)较常(chang)见的(de)(de)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，称为(wei)锡(xi)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。锡(xi)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)线(xian)缩(suo)短(duan)率(lv)低，不易发生缩(suo)孔，但(dan)易发生微(wei)缩(suo)松。在锡(xi)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)中(zhong)增(zeng)加(jia)锌、铅等(deng)元(yuan)素，可(ke)(ke)以进步铸(zhu)件(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)致密性和(he)耐磨(mo)性，节约(yue)锡(xi)的(de)(de)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)量，并增(zeng)加(jia)磷(lin)进行脱氧。其耐磨(mo)性和(he)耐腐蚀性均(jun)优于(yu)黄(huang)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)，但(dan)易发生微(wei)缩(suo)短(duan)，适用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)密度要求低的(de)(de)耐磨(mo)耐腐蚀零(ling)件(jian)(jian)。除锡(xi)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)外，铝(lv)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)还具有优异的(de)(de)力学性能、耐磨(mo)性和(he)耐腐蚀性，但(dan)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)性较差，因(yin)此仅用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)耐磨(mo)耐腐蚀零(ling)件(jian)(jian)。离心(xin)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)件(jian)(jian)按(an)材(cai)料成(cheng)形办(ban)法可(ke)(ke)分(fen)为(wei)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)和(he)变(bian)形铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)。事实上，许(xu)多(duo)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)和(he)变(bian)形。铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)一般(ban)可(ke)(ke)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)，但(dan)许(xu)多(duo)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)不能通过铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)、挤压、深冲和(he)拉(la)拔(ba)进行加(jia)工。铸(zhu)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)和(he)锻铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)又可(ke)(ke)分(fen)为(wei)纯铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、黄(huang)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)白铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)。离心(xin)铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)件(jian)(jian)首(shou)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)作防爆(bao)东(dong)西、模具、海(hai)底电(dian)缆(lan)复示(shi)器(qi)结构(gou)件(jian)(jian)、电(dian)焊条等(deng)；铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)锡(xi)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)铝(lv)青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)、铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)黄(huang)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)首(shou)要用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)轴(zhou)(zhou)瓦、轴(zhou)(zhou)套、轴(zhou)(zhou)瓦、轴(zhou)(zhou)承、齿轮、管件(jian)(jian)等(deng)。铸(zhu)造(zao)(zao)(zao)(zao)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)合金(jin)(jin)广泛应用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)工艺(yi)美术中(zhong)，古代青(qing)(qing)铜(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是(shi)一个典型的(de)(de)比如。

结(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)器(qi)(qi)转速(su)(su)是离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)中(zhong)的一(yi)(yi)个(ge)重要因(yin)素。同一(yi)(yi)铸(zhu)(zhu)件，不(bu)(bu)(bu)同的铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)工艺(yi)，铸(zhu)(zhu)型(xing)(xing)速(su)(su)度也不(bu)(bu)(bu)同。结(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)器(qi)(qi)转速(su)(su)过低会(hui)使立式离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)困难水(shui)平离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)过程中(zhong)，液(ye)态金属充型(xing)(xing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)良，液(ye)态金属浸透，也会(hui)导致气孔(kong)、夹渣和(he)外表凹凸(tu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)平；假如(ru)结(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)器(qi)(qi)转速(su)(su)过高，铜套容易呈(cheng)现裂纹、偏析等缺陷，砂型(xing)(xing)离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)的外外表会(hui)形(xing)成(cheng)胀(zhang)大箱等缺陷，这也会(hui)使机器(qi)(qi)呈(cheng)现振荡大、磨损(sun)加(jia)重和(he)耗电(dian)过大的现象。因(yin)此，结(jie)(jie)晶(jing)(jing)器(qi)(qi)转速(su)(su)的选择(ze)准则应(ying)是在确(que)保铸(zhu)(zhu)件质量的前提下，选择(ze)一(yi)(yi)个(ge)较小的值。离(li)心铸(zhu)(zhu)造(zao)中(zhong)的浇注体系(xi)首(shou)要是指(zhi)接收金属的浇注杯和(he)与其相连的浇注槽，有时(shi)包含(han)模具中(zhong)的流道。